Guide To Electrical System Design For Industrial Plant

The modern industrial units rely heavily on an efficient flow of electricity for their production and management operations. Complex distribution systems are used for the transmission of heat from the power plant to industries. Are you thinking of building or scale up the electrical system in an industrial plant? If yes, read on this article as it provides you a step-by-step guide for designing an industrial electrical system.

The primary goal of building an industrial plant electrical system is to have an energy-efficient system, continuity, safety and selection of commercial equipment in compliance with codes. Steps listed below will help in reducing possible system design delays, equipment selection and more. The final equipment cost is determined after the completion of the detailed engineering design process.

The following main steps need to be performed in the design of an industrial electrical system.

Electrical Load Determination

The electrical design engineer receives information on the size and type of electrical energy consumed loads from mechanical and process engineers. It helps to reserve the necessary power for dedicated equipment.

  • Determine motors that drive pumps, compressors, air coolers, and more.
  • Electrical heaters for heating applications of different products
  • Heat tracing to keep liquids and fluids at desired temperature level and protect against freezing
  • Essential lighting components
  • Socket outlet and HVAC loads

Power Supply

It is necessary to describe the electrical energy demand needs for the loads mentioned above. The general aspects of power points into the industrial plant to the utilization points are determined in this phase.

Generated Power

The electrical energy requirement is generally produced from one or more than one generator without connecting it to a public utility system.

Import Power

In import power configuration, all the energy requirements of the industrial plant are supplied from electric utilities through incoming power lines with sufficient capacity to carry the peak load. The main functionality to consider for electrical system design are reliability, line voltage and the number of feeder connection to the industrial plant.

Combined Generated and Import Power

Generators are operated in parallel along with external utility sources to increase the power flow of electrical loads. Despite the general or partial failure in one of the power sources, generators or utilities continue to supply the electricity demand of industrial plants without shutting down.

Emergency Power Supply

During general or partial electrical failures, uninterruptable power sources – AC or DC or both are supplied to meet the energy demand of critical equipment.

Electrical Distribution System

The primary or secondary system arrangement is governed by factors including service continuity, efficiency, operating costs, flexibility, and investment cost. There are two significant distributions based on the connection of the primary supply circuit to the power sources – radial and loop system.

  • Radial System: It is the simplest and most widely used system to operate and troubleshoot in industrial plants
  • Ring distributing system: The ring network of distributors is fed by more than one feeder. So, if one feeder is under fault, the ring distributor remains still energized by other feeders connected to it.

Selection of Equipment

The electrical components used in the electric power system of an industrial plant can be grouped as follows:

  1. The equipment used for transmission of electrical energy from generator or external utility sources to the loads
  2. The equipment used for safety, reliability, flexibility, efficiency and continuity in the plant’s operations by converting electrical energy into some other form of energy such as mechanical energy, heat energy, and more

Also, there are various sub electrical systems necessary for safe plant operations such as grounding, lightning and more.

However, the industrial electrical system’s design requires continuous and comprehensive analysis to evaluate performance, competency, suitability and strength of the chosen electrical system and components.

Conclusion

The tips mentioned above would help you successfully design an industrial plant electrical system and select equipment. Also, the use of computer-based system design modeling techniques aids to meetelectrical system designrequirements depending on the electrical system size.

Market Data

Warning: The information on this page may be incorrect and/or outdated. Don’t trust it.


Information about the world’s markets index, no longer maintained.

Index Name Description Current Value Change Updated
^MERV MerVal (Argentina) 1479.650 25.720 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^AORD All Ordinaries (Australia) 4338.100 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^ATX ATX (Austria) 4.898,18 -0.1% Friday, June 22, 2007
^BFX BEL-20 (Belgium) 3198.57 11.59 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^BVSP Bovespa (Brazil) 24868.471 337.682 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^GSPTSE S&P TSX Composite (Canada) 10367.89 5.34 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^SSEC Shanghai Composite (China) 1072.807 27.407 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^PX50 PX50 (Czech Republic) 0 0 Monday, January 01, 0001
^KFX KFX (Denmark) 348.10 -0.22 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^CCSI CMA (Egypt) 1753.22 -16.36 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^FCHI CAC 40 (France) 4420.78 -1.34 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^GDAXI DAX (Germany) 4843.49 0.79 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^HSI Hang Seng (Hong Kong) 28,228.04 +457.75 (1.65%) Monday, October 09, 2007
^BSESN BSE 30 (India) 7612.00 -3.99 Wednesday, August 24, 2005
^JKSE Jakarta Composite (Indonesia) 2,846.24 0 Wednesday, May 5, 2010
^TA100 TA-100 (Israel) 694.76 -0.52 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^MIBTEL MIBTel (Italy) 25703.000 28.000 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^N225 Nikkei 225 (Japan) 11737.96 -24.69 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^KLSE KLSE Composite (Malaysia) 935.74 -4.10 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^MXX IPC (Mexico) 14067.730 -67.510 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^AEX AEX General (Netherlands) 395.55 1.01 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^NZ50 NZSE 50 (New Zealand) 3348.232 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^OSEAX OSE All Share (Norway) 330.032 0.104 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^MTMS Moscow Times (Russia) 0 0 Monday, January 01, 0001
^STI Straits Times (Singapore) 2321.77 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^KS11 Seoul Composite (South Korea) 1090.6 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^SMSI Madrid General (Spain) 1085.59 2.30 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^SXAXPI Stockholm General (Sweden) 265.55 0.44 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^SSMI Swiss Market (Switzerland) 6521.02 17.08 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^TWII Taiwan Weighted (Taiwan) 6366.16 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^XU100 ISE National-100 (Turkey) 0 0 Monday, January 01, 0001
^FTSE FTSE 100 (United Kingdom) 5256.20 -14.50 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^DJI Dow Jones Industrials (USA) 11,076.34 +104.06 March 11, 2006
^NYA NYSE Composite (USA) 8,079.24 +71.41 March 11, 2006
^IXIC NASDAQ Composite (USA) 2175.99 9.25 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^GSPC S&P 500 (USA) 1231.16 2.13 Tuesday, July 26, 2005

Index Description Last Change As of
^DJI Dow Jones Industrials (USA) 11,076.34 +104.06 March 11, 2006
^NYA NYSE Composite (USA) 8,079.24 +71.41 March 11, 2006
^IXIC NASDAQ Composite (USA) 2175.99 9.25 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^AORD All Ordinaries (Australia) 4338.100 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^FTSE FTSE 100 (United Kingdom) 5256.20 -14.50 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
more indices

= STG£0.5349 = €0.7727 = ¥106.4000
= STG£0.6923 = $1.2942 = ¥137.6900
= US$1.8694 = €1.4443 = ¥198.8550
= STG£0.0050 = $0.0094 = €0.0073

(Commodities & currencies as of 2005-03-24 T 23:00 UTC, or last close were applicable. None of this data is guaranteed to be correct. Please read our General disclaimer and Risk disclaimer.)|}

  • Market Data/Energy
Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Market_Data&oldid=1321145”

Science Fiction author Ray Bradbury dies

Wednesday, June 6, 2012

U.S. science fiction writer Ray Bradbury, who was 91, died in Los Angeles on Tuesday, according to his daughter.

Bradbury’s most famous novels are The Martian Chronicles (1950) and Fahrenheit 451 (1953), and a collection of short stories The Illustrated Man (1951), but he was also known for helping write the script for John Huston’s film adaptation of Moby Dick (1956), his works for the televised anthologies The Twilight Zone and Alfred Hitchcock Presents and hosting a similar TV show later, The Ray Bradbury Theater, which included episodes based on his work.

In an interview, Bradbury said that he was “that special freak, the man with the child inside who remembers all.”

He started as a short story writer for pulp magazines like many science fiction and fantasy writers in this period, and eventually compiled his first book: Dark Carnival (1947), a short story collection. He wrote his two most famous novels at the beginning of the 1950s. A book editor suggested he use his stories about Martians to create a unified work in book form, and Bradbury turned the idea into his Martian Chronicles. He said he churned out Fahrenheit 451 on a typewriter that he rented at the library for a dime every half hour at a total cost of US $9.80, which meant that it would have taken him exactly 49 hours to write the classic.

His book Fahrenheit 451 cut to the heart of book banning and burning in the twentieth century as it imagined a future in which books were outlawed and minds were controlled by the state through a TV-and-Internet-like technology. French director François Truffaut adapted Fahrenheit 451 into a 1966 New Wave film of the same name and in English, which starred Austrian actor Oskar Werner as the fireman Guy Montag and British actress Julie Christie as Clarisse. The BBC dramatized the same book in 1982. Fahrenheit 451 was even adapted to an off-Broadway play. Bradbury said he did not like the similarity of Michael Moore’s title for the documentary Fahrenheit 9/11, a film critical of the George W. Bush administration, to his novel about book burning.

The Martian Chronicles, Fahrenheit 451 and The Illustrated Man have been a staple of reading in U.S. education. In an interview with Fox News in 2004, Bradbury talked about changes in reading that occurred in education since his generation of science fiction started their careers: “When I started writing that book [The Martian Chronicles] 53 years ago, science fiction was not being taught in the schools. Now every school in the country has a course in science fiction. So we have more power, more influence, more imagination than ever before. Millions of students now, in all the schools of America, are reading science fiction and especially, thank God, The Martian Chronicles.”

HAVE YOUR SAY
What Bradbury books have you read, and how have they influenced you?
Add or view comments

The name of his play Dandelion Wine was used as an honor when it was used to name a crater on the moon. An asteroid, known as 9766 Bradbury, was named after him. At the turn of the century, his body of work was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Book Award committee in 2000, U.S. National Medal of Arts in 2004, and later a Pulitzer Prize citation in 2007.

The author’s grandson Danny Karapetian said, “His legacy lives on in his monumental body of books, film, television and theatre, but more importantly, in the minds and hearts of anyone who read him, because to read him was to know him. He was the biggest kid I know.”

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Science_Fiction_author_Ray_Bradbury_dies&oldid=3142651”

Romanian government to sell 10 percent of its shares in Romgaz

Monday, April 18, 2005

The Romanian Minster for Economy and Commerce, Codru? Sere?, announced on Friday that his ministry intends to sell 10% of its shares in the state-owned natural gas distributor, Romgaz, this year. The Ministry is still deciding whether to transfer the stock to financial investors or whether to list it on the Bucharest Stock Exchange.

Romgaz is one of the largest state-owned companies in Romania falling under the ownership of the Ministry of Economy and Commerce. In 2005, the company is expected to have an estimated turnover of 648 million euro.

Romgaz is the latest Romanian energy company where plans have been announced for privatisation. Last year, the privatisation of natural gas distributors Distrigaz Sud and Distrigaz Nord was proposed, and is expected to be fully completed by the end of this month. Last year, Romanian oil giant Petrom was privatised, in the country’s largest ever privatisation, and this year the Electrica Group of electricity distributors was sold off to various financial investors.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Romanian_government_to_sell_10_percent_of_its_shares_in_Romgaz&oldid=439386”

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Horse flu damage spreads

Tuesday, August 28, 2007

As the Federal Labor Party calls for an inquiry into the outbreak of Equine Influenza, federal Opposition leader Kevin Rudd said “if there is a hole in the quarantine system, it needs to be plugged straight away.”

Federal Minister for Agriculture Mr McGauran has cautioned against a rushed judgment that failures at the Eastern Creek Quarantine station was the cause of the outbreak. But an unidentified former quarantine official believes its the most likely source.

Mounted Police patrols during the APEC meeting scheduled for Sydney next week have been canceled, as to plans to bring additional horses from interstate. Deputy Commissioner Andrew Scipione said “It won’t stop us being able to protect dignitaries, the public or police at any planned protest”

Organisers of the World Youth Day Papal mass plans of holding the event at Randwick Race course are also doubt. Vice President of the Randwick Trainers Association Mr O’Shea said of the current outbreak “We are going to take a massive financial hit now…”

“If we go through both World Youth Day and equine influenza that would be the death knell for training at Randwick,” Original plans for the Papal mass required 10 weeks where trainers would not be able to use the Randwick facilities, a revised plan which would use the venue for 3 days was suggested.

Mr O’Shea said the three-day plan was “totally unworkable” as it would require 24 days of disruption.

Australia’s largest wagering company Tabcorp Holdings LTD announced it has lost an estimated A$150 million after the cancellation of last weekends racing, this caused it share price to drop 4.6% on Monday.

A Tabcorp spokes person said “Based on its experience to date, if Australian racing (thoroughbred and harness) were not to resume until next weekend, Tabcorp expects that the loss in turnover will be in the order of A$150m” Further falls are likely with A$1.5 billion in Melbourne Cup and Spring carnival turnover under threat if the outbreak causes cancellation of races.

Tatersalls spokesman said it would have to run into months before it had an significant impact on their earning. Sportsbet said they stood to lose A$20m in turnover each weekend, with A$50m turnover at risk for the Melbourne Cup.

An independent study into the 2005 Melbourne Cup conclude it contribute A$318m into the Victorian economy. The racing industry has called on the Government to setup National disaster relief for the industry.

Peter V’Landy, Chief Executive of Racing New South Wales said “Jockeys can’t earn an income unless they’re riding. You’ve got stable hands, catering staff, totalisator staff and, you know, there are a lot of small businesses. I think this is a natural disaster for the racing industry. It’s a very big industry, it’s one of the top three in Australia, so we are, we are seeking now for financial assistance to these people so they can meet their financial commitment.”

Further developments to this story are available. See:
Horse flu infects Australian thoroughbreds
Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Horse_flu_damage_spreads&oldid=2257480”

TNT blamed for Chinese karaoke bar explosion that killed 25

Monday, July 9, 2007

More than a ton of TNT stored illegally in the basement of a karaoke bar caused the recent explosion that killed 25 people and injured 41 more in the north-eastern Chinese town of Tianshifu, news reports say.

Qu Yujie or Yijie (known locally as Qu Hua), owner of the two-storey Tianying Karaoke Hall and Bath House which was levelled by the blast was amongst those killed. He was described as “a successful businessman” who owned a local colliery. Many residents of Tianshifu, where the blast occurred stated that he regularly used the basement of the building as a storage site for his explosives. His elder brother and his elder brother’s wife were also among the deceased according to Benxi county government spokesman Fu Qingbin.

As part of a short statement regarding investigative results made available to state news agency Xinhua on Sunday, the following conclusion as in to the cause of the disaster was given: “After more than three days’ efforts, we found self-ignition of the explosives led to the explosion,”.

Reports state that there were many students celebrating the end of exams at the bar when the explosion occurred – eight teenage girls who were part of a group of 13 from a local department store celebrating a the 19th birthday of Sun Bo, including Bo herself, and several pedestrians outside the building were amongst the casualties of the disaster. The drivers of a truck and a motorcycle passing the building when it exploded were also killed, as were a couple who owned a car wash near to the site. The explosion also buried a number of cars under tons of concrete and blew out windows in nearby buildings.

Police estimated that over a ton of TNT was required given the force of the explosion, and noted that the explosives had been manufactured by a factory in the local area. This was backed up by the Beijing News quoting an investigator as saying “The explosion was so powerful that there must have been about one tonne of explosives,”.

The coal mine the explosives were intended for is one of around 3-400 in the local area, which operate both legally with licences and illegally without. Detonators were also recovered from ground zero.

Relatives of the deceased are currently being put up at local hotels in preparation for compensation discusions with the authorities. Of the 41 injured survivors, all are still being treated in local hospitals, four with “serious injuries” and the remaining 37 with “fractures, chest injuries and broken ribs”, according to one physician. One person suffered injuries of a severity that required him to be taken to the Benxi City Central Hospital, while the rest are in either Benxi County No. 1 hospital or at a hospital in Tianshifu itself, according to deputy director of the Benxi County Health Bureau Jiang Yongcheng. A dozen extra medical experts have also gone to Benxi County to help treat the victims.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=TNT_blamed_for_Chinese_karaoke_bar_explosion_that_killed_25&oldid=1100512”

The Amazing Benefits Of A Luxury Vacations

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We all perceive vacations as an ideal heaven far away from the tumultuous day-to-day life. Whether we search for a warm place under the sun to simply relax and leave all our cares behind or we dream of a secluded place at the foot of a hill or a mountain, we all try to get the best out of this pleasant experience and recharge our batteries for new beginnings. An escape far away from everyday activities can become today even more enjoyable, as people have now the opportunity to rent extraordinary accommodation units and truly take delight in their vacation days.

A reliable travel agency is today able to provide its client with the exact luxe vakantie he aspires after, in utter compliance with this needs and personal preferences. Whether you want to spend your days in the sun and hence search for a luxury villa in a sunny destination like Ibiza, Mallorca, Algarve or the Dominican Republic or you want to enjoy the cool air of the mountain and some of the best ski slopes in the world and therefore wish for a luxury ski chalet, everything is today possible once you resort to the appropriate services. The advantages of a deluxe holiday are numerous, especially if you intend to stay away from the crowds and mass tourism and simply take delight in some of the most enchanting facilities with nobody else around to share them with.

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Authorities search for victims of Peruvian air crash

Thursday, August 25, 2005

Rescuers are searching for the victims of the Tans Peru airliner crash which occurred earlier this month. Emergency services rescued 5 survivors on Thursday morning.

TANS say that 41 people were killed and a further 57 injured in this, the fifth airliner crash worldwide this month. The Boeing 737-200 airliner crash-landed in heavy jungle near the city of Pucallpa, 840 kilometers (522 miles) northeast of Lima, the capital city.

Peruvian authorities have ordered an investigation and have shipped the aircraft’s two flight data recorders, or “black boxes” to the United States for data retrieval.

Jorge Belevan said “We’ve also found five more survivors and that takes the number (of survivors) to 57. Two people are still missing and there are 41 dead,” Local authorities also said that the death toll is likely to rise due to inaccessible location of the crash site. This is the second TANS Peru plane crash in three years, following the January 2003 crash of flight 222 in the Peruvian rainforest. In that plane crash there were no survivors.

Peruvian government lawyer Marco Ochoa said that rescuers are opening the skin of the aircraft to determine whether there are more bodies trapped inside.

Survivors said that the plane was caught in a fierce storm about 10 minutes before the crash. The plane then caught fire and landed in swampland.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Authorities_search_for_victims_of_Peruvian_air_crash&oldid=3130816”

Wikinews interviews U.S. Libertarian Party presidential candidate R. Lee Wrights

Monday, June 20, 2011File:R. Lee Wrights LPNC 2012 State Convention.jpg

R. Lee Wrights, a candidate for the U.S. Libertarian Party’s presidential nomination, took some time to speak with Accredited Wikinews Reporter William Saturn about his presidential campaign and positions on political issues.

Wrights, a native of North Carolina, is an activist and lifetime member of the Libertarian Party who currently serves as the editor of several Libertarian publications. He previously worked as a medical technician in the United States Air Force and earned degrees in History and Journalism at Willmar College.

He is currently being challenged for the nomination by National Guard officer R.J. Harris, radio host Jim Duensing, former Nevada Libertarian Party chair Jim Burns, marketing executive Roger Gary and attorney Carl Person. 2008 Vice presidential nominee Wayne Allyn Root is also expected to make a run.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Wikinews_interviews_U.S._Libertarian_Party_presidential_candidate_R._Lee_Wrights&oldid=4635198”