Types Of Refrigerants And Their Environmental Impact}

Types of Refrigerants and Their Environmental Impact

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[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DQKrICE97o[/youtube]

Rubber World IndustriesIn the HVAC industry, refrigerants are used in various equipment such as air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, etc. Refrigerants are substances, often in liquid form that are used in a refrigeration cycle to cool a certain space. It is responsible for capturing heat and then releasing it to another space by using the thermodynamic phenomena of phase changes wherein fluid changes into gas and vice versa.Refrigerants and the EnvironmentMost refrigerants are known for having a negative effect on the environment since they contribute to global warming and ozone layer depletion. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and emissions from some refrigerants are contributors to global warming by absorbing infrared radiation and holding it in the atmosphere. This is called the greenhouse effect.Global Warming Potential (GWP)Refrigerants have a measure of the amount of heat a gas will trap in the atmosphere over time as compared to carbon dioxide. This is called GWP or Global Warming Potential. Carbon Dioxide has a baseline GWP of 1, therefore, a gas that has a GWP that is higher than 1 traps more heat than CO2.Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)There are also some chemical compounds, which include refrigerants, that contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer. The ODP of chemicals is the measure of how much it causes the ozone layer to degrade as compared to trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), which has a baseline ODP of 1. Therefore a chemical with an ODP over 1.0 will degrade the ozone layer more than CFC-11.Gulf-O-Flex, a flagship Brand of Rubber World Industries in the Middle East, has products that are CFC free, and has an ODP of zero for environmental friendly products. It is also formaldehyde free, has low VOCs, and resistant to mold and mildew.Types of RefrigerantsChlorofluorcarbonsPopularly known as CFC’s, they are an excellent unreactive refrigerant that has a low boiling point. They also have low toxicity, are inexpensive, easy to store and have no fire risk. Unfortunately, these are ozone-depleting greenhouse gases which contain fluorine, so they are dangerous to the environment. In 1994, most countries have already stopped producing CFCs. By 2020, developing countries should have already eliminated all CFC stock.HydrochlorofluorocarbonsThese are known as HCFCs, and are currently being used as a replacement for CFCs. But soon, even these will be phased out over time. HCFC’s are more ozone-friendly than CFCs, but still deplete the ozone, just at a slower rate.HCFCs is a potent greenhouse gas that is many times more potent than carbon dioxide. In addition to this, HCFCs have contributed to chlorine build-up in the atmosphere.HydrofluorocarbonsHFCs are chosen by many refrigeration manufacturers because they are a good replacement substance for CFCs and don’t deplete the ozone as much as CFCs or HCFCs. Unfortunately, HFCs are a potent greenhouse gas source, therefore having a high global warming potential.Natural RefrigerantsNatural refrigerants occur naturally, meaning they are not man-made like other refrigerants that were just discussed. They can be utilized as cooling agents for refrigerators and air conditioners. Examples of natural refrigerants are hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide and water.Hydrocarbons or HC contain carbon dioxide, but this has a Global Warming Potential of 1 and HCFCs and HFCs that are popular on the market have a GWP in the thousands. Therefore, hydrocarbon that is used as a refrigerant is the most environmentally-friendly option that is available today.

Contact Details

Rowena LariosaRubber World IndustriesMarketing@gulfoflex.com+971 6 7434176Media ContactAlyssa GonzagaMedia AccountLincoln Martin Strategic Marketing+971 50 4289684

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Canada pursues new nuclear research reactor to produce medical isotopes

Friday, July 10, 2009

The Saskatchewan provincial government alongside the University of Saskatchewan (U of S) have come together to establish a CA$500 million, 10 megawatts research nuclear reactor to produce medical isotopes.

“In 1949 … cobalt-60 treatment was tried for the first time here in Saskatchewan, where it saved a woman battling cervical cancer. Maybe we can lead again in terms of nuclear medicine,” said Brad Wall, the Premier of Saskatchewan, “Governments should be involved in pure research. We’re dealing with some circumstances as they present themselves”

“We’ve had faculty that are interested in this. We have an issue of national importance, We see a reason why the U of S and the province could assist in this national issue. We see how it could help the country. We see how it could build on the university’s research strength,” said Richard Florizone, U of S vice-president of finance and resources.

The research conducted at the Canadian Light Source Synchrotron on campus would be enhanced by a research reactor.

“In the case of a power reactor, in Saskatchewan we have much better alternatives. In the case of a medical isotopes research reactor, this may be a circumstance where the benefits outweigh the risks,” said Peter Prebble, director of energy and water policy for the Saskatchewan Environmental Society.

The nuclear reactor at Chalk River, Ontario in Canada was shut down on Thursday, May 14 by the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) due to a leak of heavy water and will not re-open until late 2009 or spring of 2010.

The repairs of the NRU are complex and challenging. “I’ve heard it described as . . . trying to change the oil in your car from your living room. We’re faced with conducting remote investigations in a radioactive environment with high radiation fields, conducting the examinations and inspections through small openings in the top of the reactor and accessing over great distances,” said David Cox, director of the NRU engineering task force.

“The unplanned shutdown of the NRU will result in a significant shortage of medical isotopes in Canada, and in the world, this summer,” said Leona Aglukkaq, Minister of Health and Lisa Raitt, Minister of Natural Resources.

The Petten reactor in the Netherlands is another of the six extant nuclear reactors globally. It must also be shut down between mid July and mid August.

Medical isotopes are used in diagnostic procedures for cancer, heart disease and other medical conditions. When radioactive isotopes are injected into the body, radiologists can view higher radiation via medical imaging, enabling them to make a more accurate diagnosis.

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Wikinews interviews Jim Hedges, U.S. Prohibition Party presidential candidate

Saturday, January 29, 2011

U.S. Prohibition Party presidential candidate Jim Hedges of Thompson Township, Pennsylvania took some time to answer a few questions about the Prohibition Party and his 2012 presidential campaign.

The Prohibition Party is the third oldest existing political party in the United States, having been established in 1869. It reached its height of popularity during the late 19th century. The party heavily supported the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which banned the sale of alcohol, and resulted in the US period known as Prohibition (1919–33). It was repealed in 1933. The party has declined since this period, but has continued to nominate candidates for the presidential election.

In 2003, the party split into two factions. Preacher Gene Amondson and perennial candidate Earl Dodge were nominated for the presidency by their respective factions. After Dodge’s death in 2007, the party reunified and named Amondson as its sole presidential nominee for 2008. During the election, Amondson was interviewed by Wikinews. He died in 2009, leaving an opening in the party for 2012.

Jim Hedges is a longtime Prohibition activist, who holds the distinction of the first individual of the 21st century (and the first since 1959) to be elected to a political office under the Prohibition Party banner. In 2001, he was elected as the Thompson Township tax assessor, and was re-elected to the post in 2005. He served until his term expired in 2010. Hedges declared his intent to run for the Prohibition Party presidential nomination on February 18, 2010. This marks his first run for the presidency.

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How Bulk Sms Service Provider Is Satisfying The Clients?}

How bulk SMS service provider is satisfying the clients?

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renukatewaniBulk SMS service provider follows the best policies so that the clients can get only genuine promotional services that can bring greater happiness and higher satisfaction. Policies of any genuine bulk-SMS providerCustomer-care support: Both non-technical and technical supports are being catered by the customer-care department of any efficient bulk SMS service provider. You can avail this service at any time as the department remains active for 24 hours a day. You can easily collect detailed information about product features, texting technology, packages and others. Primary objectives: The providers will never aim in gaining increased amount of profit rather they will concentrate in offering the best services to the customers. Customer satisfaction should be the main goal or objective of authentic providers. Sometimes, the providers also allow for trial services so that the customers can judge that whether the products are suitable for them or not. The providers will always try to guide the customers in absolutely right directions.

Unique products: Products with unique features should be offered otherwise the customers will not show interests at all. Only unique products will help to bear the toughest market competition and thus the customers gladly opt for the same. The provider should make intricate researches or experiments so that more and more innovative features should be added to the existing products.

Honesty: The provider should disclose all the necessary facts relating to Bulk texting so that the customers can get a clear view. If transparency is not maintained then the customers’ trust and confidence cannot be gained. Without honesty, long-term relationship with the customers cannot be maintained at all and this is quite obvious. If the customer is new, then he should have innumerable questions in his mind regarding this marketing strategy. The duty of the provider is to solve all the queries of the customers for avoiding unwanted confusions. The strategies should also be discussed open otherwise the customers will not be able to choose the right product.

No hidden-costs: The provider should always charge in a legitimate manner and no extra costs should be added. Extra costs often increase the package price as a result of which the customers find greater difficulty in availing the desirable package. In fact, this is one of the greatest features that can help you to choose the most authentic provider of bulk-SMS. Since advanced technology is being used along with automated platforms therefore the overall cost has been reduced. This reduced cost is highly enjoyable by the customers as their affordability limit can be maintained.

Is trafficking generated with bulk-sms service?

Bulk-SMS service is currently treated as one of the most improved and innovative means of online marketing. This marketing strategy can increase the online trafficking to a great extent. This trafficking will lead to greater conversion of prospective customers to real customers. In this way, the actual business objectives will get satisfied.

Since customized texts are being delivered therefore the targeted communities find them useful. This procedure guarantees the response volume and this is why the service is so very reliable. In this case, targeted audiences are to be detected first and then only bulk-texts are being delivered. This is how bulk SMS service provider can guarantee increased responses.

The volume of high trafficking can be automatically managed and monitored by means of real-time reports. These reports will help you to understand that whether the customers are taking interests at the offers or not. Since centralized approach is included therefore internal requirements can be effectively managed and monitored.

Why bulk-messaging software is needed? Nowadays, every bulk SMS service provider is using specialized software for conducting bulk-texting service smoothly and efficiently. The software has got acute versatility and it can be easily handled.

Delivery rates of bulk-SMS can be automatically boosted-up with the use of the software. Voice-messaging and SMS-push are the two main platforms of the software that can facilitate delivery of corporate texts.

Convenient interfaces enable easy and speedy SMS delivery to innumerable customers at the same time.

Simple configuration and easy installation are the two most highlighting features of the software.

Secured passwords and usernames are being used for maintaining protection and for avoiding spam.

The author has revealed clearly that customized and highly satisfied marketing services can be obtained only by hiring the best

Bulk SMS Service Provider

and thus you should look for the same.

Article Source:

eArticlesOnline.com}

U.S. Supreme Court upholds health care mandate

Thursday, June 28, 2012

In a decision today, the U.S. Supreme Court has upheld the controversial healthcare law, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, passed in 2010. The Supreme Court also upheld the individual mandate provision of the law, which would require most U.S. citizens to obtain health insurance by 2014, or pay a monetary penalty.

The Supreme Court ruled on the law 5–4. Chief Justice John Roberts authored the majority opinion. Justices Stephen Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Elena Kagan and Sonia Sotomayor jointed Roberts in the majority, while Samuel Alito, Anthony Kennedy, Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas were in the minority in supporting the repeal of the law.

The Court did, however, strike down a provision of the law which would have expanded Medicaid to make coverage available to anyone with an income less than 138% of the federal poverty line.

President Barack Obama made a public statement from the White House saying that the Supreme Court’s upholding of the law, “reaffirmed a fundamental principle that here in America — in the wealthiest nation on Earth – no illness or accident should lead to any family’s financial ruin.” Obama further added, “Whatever the politics, today’s decision was a victory for people all over this country whose lives will be more secure because of this law and the Supreme Court’s decision to uphold it.” Obama closed his statement by saying, “The highest Court in the land has now spoken. We will continue to implement this law. And we’ll work together to improve on it where we can. But what we won’t do — what the country can’t afford to do — is refight the political battles of two years ago, or go back to the way things were.” Adding, “With today’s announcement, it’s time for us to move forward — to implement and, where necessary, improve on this law.”

Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney also gave a statement from Washington, D.C. saying, “What the Court did not do on its last day in session, I will do on my first day if elected President of the United States. And that is I will act to repeal Obamacare.” Romney clarified further by saying, “Let’s make clear that we understand what the Court did and did not do. What the Court did today was say that Obamacare does not violate the Constitution. What they did not do was say that Obamacare is good law or that it’s good policy.” Further adding, “Obamacare was bad policy yesterday. It’s bad policy today. Obamacare was bad law yesterday. It’s bad law today.” Romney closed by saying, “Our mission is clear: If we want to get rid of Obamacare, we’re going to have to replace President Obama.”

Eric Cantor, Republican leader in the U.S. House of Representatives, announced shortly after the ruling that the House would vote on repealing the law on July 11, following the July 4 holiday recess. Cantor said, “The Supreme Court’s decision to uphold Obamacare is a crushing blow to patients throughout the country. Obamacare has failed to keep the President’s basic promise of allowing those who like their health care to keep it, while increasing costs and reducing access to quality care for patients.”

In the ruling of National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, John Roberts wrote, “Simply put, Congress may tax and spend. The federal government may enact a tax on an activity that it cannot authorize, forbid or otherwise control.” Meanwhile, Justice Anthony Kennedy authored the dissenting opinion, saying the entire law should have been repealed.

The ruling on the law comes after 26 states challenged the law in oral arguments in front of the Supreme Court in March.

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Centennial of ‘father of contemporary Thai cinema’ celebrated

Saturday, May 24, 2008

Thailand’s National Film Archive in Salaya, Nakhon Pathom unveiled a new museum and cinema on Thursday night for the 100th anniversary celebration of the birth of Rattana Pestjoni, a filmmaker who is considered the “father of contemporary Thai cinema”.

With Pestonji’s family, movie stars, filmmakers, government officials and fans on hand, the National Film Archive’s museum was opened for tours, and the facility’s 120-seat cinema hosted the screening of a documentary film, Signature: The Life and Work of R.D. Pestonji.

Pestonji was born in Bangkok on May 22, 1908, to a Parsi-Indian (ethnic Persian) family. For his first short film, Tang, in 1937, he received an award from Alfred Hitchcock at a film festival in Scotland. Pestonji directed his first feature film, Dear Dolly, in 1951. He was known for his skills as a cinematographer, and he shot the first Thai feature film to be submitted to an overseas film festival. Pestonji also pushed for innovations in the Thai film industry, such as using 35mm film, and raising the level of cinematography as an artistic element of the films, said film historian Dome Sukwong, director of the National Film Archive.

The now-lost Santi-Weena was submitted to the Asia-Pacific Film Festival in 1954 in Tokyo. Pestonji served as cinematographer on it as well as Forever Yours, in 1955. He then directed four features, Country Hotel in 1957, Dark Heaven in 1958, Black Silk in 1961, and Sugar Is Not Sweet in 1964. His films were never box-office successes, which led to Pestonji retiring from feature-film work to make television commercials, Sukwong said.

Pestonji died of a heart attack on August 17, 1970 at the Montien Hotel Bangkok, while giving a speech to government officials and film industry executives about the prevalence of Hollywood films in Thailand’s cinemas.

Contemporary directors who were influenced by Pestonji include Wisit Sasanatieng and Pen-ek Ratanaruang (Last Life in the Universe). Sasanatieng was among the filmmakers present at Thursday’s event.

Prae Dum [Black Silk] is the film that remains my single major influence,” Sasanatieng was quoted as saying by the Bangkok Post. Sasanatieng’s colorful features, Tears of the Black Tiger and Citizen Dog bear many of the hallmarks of Pestonji’s films. “Khun Ratana was not simply a master storyteller … he knew how to use color, art direction and camera angles to create subtle nuances and charge the movie with strong emotions.”

Pestonji’s sons, Santa and Edel, have continued in the film business. The Bangkok film production house their father started now houses a firm that hires out equipment and film crews to foreign films shooting on location in Thailand. Films that the company has been involved with include Heaven & Earth and The Beach. Pestonji’s daughter, Ratanavadi Ratanabhand, was the lead actress in 1961’s Black Silk.

The Pestonji centennial celebration was the first major event held in the new facilities at the National Film Archive, which moved around 10 years ago to the Fine Arts Department compound in Nakhon Pathom Province, about 50 kilometers from Bangkok, where the archive had been previously located. The museum and cinema complex were built in the last year, and Thursday’s event was the first major function held at the facility, said Chalida Uabumrungjit of the Thai Film Foundation, which has worked closely with the National Film Archive to preserve Pestonji’s legacy. The foundation holds the rights to Pestonji’s films and plans to issue a DVD set of his works later this year.

The centerpiece of the archive’s museum is a wax figure of Pestonji, seated with his prized Mitchell camera in front of a recreation of the set from his 1957 musical comedy Country Hotel.

In a manner similar to Grauman’s Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, handprints, footprints and signatures of celebrities are being collected in the concrete outside the museum’s cinema. That initiative started on Thursday with actor Prompong Nopparit, a spokesman for the Ministry of Culture, being the first to make his marks.

Other stars making impressions included actor Suthep Wongkamheng, who starred in Pestonji’s Dark Heaven. A rain storm dampened the festivities, but didn’t keep 1970s action star Sombat Metanee from making his mark in the slab, albeit under cover of umbrellas. Other figures adding their marks to the wet cement were pioneering animator Payut Ngaokrachang and Santa Pestonji, Ratana’s eldest son.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Centennial_of_%27father_of_contemporary_Thai_cinema%27_celebrated&oldid=1857713”

2008 Tour de Taiwan Stage 2: European & American cyclists rise up

Monday, March 10, 2008

The 2008 Tour de Taiwan in Pingtung County, started its second stage in the Pingtung Tropic Agriculture Exposition Park (in Chinese: ??????) and raced around Pingtung Orchid Fern Bicycle Lane (in Chinese: ?????????) completing 8 laps today. The cyclists’ speed, endurance, and physical strength played the key roles in this stage.

In the intermediate period of this race, Sea Keong Loh, Kenichiro Tose, Peter Morse, and Angus Morton ever successively sprinted for a short-term lead, but the “main group” caught up and made up the difference in just a short distance. Finally, 93 riders in the main group finished this race in 2H21m47s, but Marek Weso?y reached the finish line first to win the stage champion.

After races in Kaohsiung and Pingtung, Kam-po Wong and Po-hung Wu (???) held the lead respectively in Asian and Taiwan Group, John Murphy got winning in the overall and sprint class.

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Guide To Electrical System Design For Industrial Plant

The modern industrial units rely heavily on an efficient flow of electricity for their production and management operations. Complex distribution systems are used for the transmission of heat from the power plant to industries. Are you thinking of building or scale up the electrical system in an industrial plant? If yes, read on this article as it provides you a step-by-step guide for designing an industrial electrical system.

The primary goal of building an industrial plant electrical system is to have an energy-efficient system, continuity, safety and selection of commercial equipment in compliance with codes. Steps listed below will help in reducing possible system design delays, equipment selection and more. The final equipment cost is determined after the completion of the detailed engineering design process.

The following main steps need to be performed in the design of an industrial electrical system.

Electrical Load Determination

The electrical design engineer receives information on the size and type of electrical energy consumed loads from mechanical and process engineers. It helps to reserve the necessary power for dedicated equipment.

  • Determine motors that drive pumps, compressors, air coolers, and more.
  • Electrical heaters for heating applications of different products
  • Heat tracing to keep liquids and fluids at desired temperature level and protect against freezing
  • Essential lighting components
  • Socket outlet and HVAC loads

Power Supply

It is necessary to describe the electrical energy demand needs for the loads mentioned above. The general aspects of power points into the industrial plant to the utilization points are determined in this phase.

Generated Power

The electrical energy requirement is generally produced from one or more than one generator without connecting it to a public utility system.

Import Power

In import power configuration, all the energy requirements of the industrial plant are supplied from electric utilities through incoming power lines with sufficient capacity to carry the peak load. The main functionality to consider for electrical system design are reliability, line voltage and the number of feeder connection to the industrial plant.

Combined Generated and Import Power

Generators are operated in parallel along with external utility sources to increase the power flow of electrical loads. Despite the general or partial failure in one of the power sources, generators or utilities continue to supply the electricity demand of industrial plants without shutting down.

Emergency Power Supply

During general or partial electrical failures, uninterruptable power sources – AC or DC or both are supplied to meet the energy demand of critical equipment.

Electrical Distribution System

The primary or secondary system arrangement is governed by factors including service continuity, efficiency, operating costs, flexibility, and investment cost. There are two significant distributions based on the connection of the primary supply circuit to the power sources – radial and loop system.

  • Radial System: It is the simplest and most widely used system to operate and troubleshoot in industrial plants
  • Ring distributing system: The ring network of distributors is fed by more than one feeder. So, if one feeder is under fault, the ring distributor remains still energized by other feeders connected to it.

Selection of Equipment

The electrical components used in the electric power system of an industrial plant can be grouped as follows:

  1. The equipment used for transmission of electrical energy from generator or external utility sources to the loads
  2. The equipment used for safety, reliability, flexibility, efficiency and continuity in the plant’s operations by converting electrical energy into some other form of energy such as mechanical energy, heat energy, and more

Also, there are various sub electrical systems necessary for safe plant operations such as grounding, lightning and more.

However, the industrial electrical system’s design requires continuous and comprehensive analysis to evaluate performance, competency, suitability and strength of the chosen electrical system and components.

Conclusion

The tips mentioned above would help you successfully design an industrial plant electrical system and select equipment. Also, the use of computer-based system design modeling techniques aids to meetelectrical system designrequirements depending on the electrical system size.

Market Data

Warning: The information on this page may be incorrect and/or outdated. Don’t trust it.


Information about the world’s markets index, no longer maintained.

Index Name Description Current Value Change Updated
^MERV MerVal (Argentina) 1479.650 25.720 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^AORD All Ordinaries (Australia) 4338.100 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^ATX ATX (Austria) 4.898,18 -0.1% Friday, June 22, 2007
^BFX BEL-20 (Belgium) 3198.57 11.59 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^BVSP Bovespa (Brazil) 24868.471 337.682 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^GSPTSE S&P TSX Composite (Canada) 10367.89 5.34 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^SSEC Shanghai Composite (China) 1072.807 27.407 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^PX50 PX50 (Czech Republic) 0 0 Monday, January 01, 0001
^KFX KFX (Denmark) 348.10 -0.22 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^CCSI CMA (Egypt) 1753.22 -16.36 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^FCHI CAC 40 (France) 4420.78 -1.34 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^GDAXI DAX (Germany) 4843.49 0.79 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^HSI Hang Seng (Hong Kong) 28,228.04 +457.75 (1.65%) Monday, October 09, 2007
^BSESN BSE 30 (India) 7612.00 -3.99 Wednesday, August 24, 2005
^JKSE Jakarta Composite (Indonesia) 2,846.24 0 Wednesday, May 5, 2010
^TA100 TA-100 (Israel) 694.76 -0.52 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^MIBTEL MIBTel (Italy) 25703.000 28.000 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^N225 Nikkei 225 (Japan) 11737.96 -24.69 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^KLSE KLSE Composite (Malaysia) 935.74 -4.10 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^MXX IPC (Mexico) 14067.730 -67.510 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^AEX AEX General (Netherlands) 395.55 1.01 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^NZ50 NZSE 50 (New Zealand) 3348.232 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^OSEAX OSE All Share (Norway) 330.032 0.104 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^MTMS Moscow Times (Russia) 0 0 Monday, January 01, 0001
^STI Straits Times (Singapore) 2321.77 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^KS11 Seoul Composite (South Korea) 1090.6 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^SMSI Madrid General (Spain) 1085.59 2.30 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^SXAXPI Stockholm General (Sweden) 265.55 0.44 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^SSMI Swiss Market (Switzerland) 6521.02 17.08 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^TWII Taiwan Weighted (Taiwan) 6366.16 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^XU100 ISE National-100 (Turkey) 0 0 Monday, January 01, 0001
^FTSE FTSE 100 (United Kingdom) 5256.20 -14.50 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^DJI Dow Jones Industrials (USA) 11,076.34 +104.06 March 11, 2006
^NYA NYSE Composite (USA) 8,079.24 +71.41 March 11, 2006
^IXIC NASDAQ Composite (USA) 2175.99 9.25 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^GSPC S&P 500 (USA) 1231.16 2.13 Tuesday, July 26, 2005

Index Description Last Change As of
^DJI Dow Jones Industrials (USA) 11,076.34 +104.06 March 11, 2006
^NYA NYSE Composite (USA) 8,079.24 +71.41 March 11, 2006
^IXIC NASDAQ Composite (USA) 2175.99 9.25 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^AORD All Ordinaries (Australia) 4338.100 0 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
^FTSE FTSE 100 (United Kingdom) 5256.20 -14.50 Tuesday, July 26, 2005
more indices

= STG£0.5349 = €0.7727 = ¥106.4000
= STG£0.6923 = $1.2942 = ¥137.6900
= US$1.8694 = €1.4443 = ¥198.8550
= STG£0.0050 = $0.0094 = €0.0073

(Commodities & currencies as of 2005-03-24 T 23:00 UTC, or last close were applicable. None of this data is guaranteed to be correct. Please read our General disclaimer and Risk disclaimer.)|}

  • Market Data/Energy
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Science Fiction author Ray Bradbury dies

Wednesday, June 6, 2012

U.S. science fiction writer Ray Bradbury, who was 91, died in Los Angeles on Tuesday, according to his daughter.

Bradbury’s most famous novels are The Martian Chronicles (1950) and Fahrenheit 451 (1953), and a collection of short stories The Illustrated Man (1951), but he was also known for helping write the script for John Huston’s film adaptation of Moby Dick (1956), his works for the televised anthologies The Twilight Zone and Alfred Hitchcock Presents and hosting a similar TV show later, The Ray Bradbury Theater, which included episodes based on his work.

In an interview, Bradbury said that he was “that special freak, the man with the child inside who remembers all.”

He started as a short story writer for pulp magazines like many science fiction and fantasy writers in this period, and eventually compiled his first book: Dark Carnival (1947), a short story collection. He wrote his two most famous novels at the beginning of the 1950s. A book editor suggested he use his stories about Martians to create a unified work in book form, and Bradbury turned the idea into his Martian Chronicles. He said he churned out Fahrenheit 451 on a typewriter that he rented at the library for a dime every half hour at a total cost of US $9.80, which meant that it would have taken him exactly 49 hours to write the classic.

His book Fahrenheit 451 cut to the heart of book banning and burning in the twentieth century as it imagined a future in which books were outlawed and minds were controlled by the state through a TV-and-Internet-like technology. French director François Truffaut adapted Fahrenheit 451 into a 1966 New Wave film of the same name and in English, which starred Austrian actor Oskar Werner as the fireman Guy Montag and British actress Julie Christie as Clarisse. The BBC dramatized the same book in 1982. Fahrenheit 451 was even adapted to an off-Broadway play. Bradbury said he did not like the similarity of Michael Moore’s title for the documentary Fahrenheit 9/11, a film critical of the George W. Bush administration, to his novel about book burning.

The Martian Chronicles, Fahrenheit 451 and The Illustrated Man have been a staple of reading in U.S. education. In an interview with Fox News in 2004, Bradbury talked about changes in reading that occurred in education since his generation of science fiction started their careers: “When I started writing that book [The Martian Chronicles] 53 years ago, science fiction was not being taught in the schools. Now every school in the country has a course in science fiction. So we have more power, more influence, more imagination than ever before. Millions of students now, in all the schools of America, are reading science fiction and especially, thank God, The Martian Chronicles.”

HAVE YOUR SAY
What Bradbury books have you read, and how have they influenced you?
Add or view comments

The name of his play Dandelion Wine was used as an honor when it was used to name a crater on the moon. An asteroid, known as 9766 Bradbury, was named after him. At the turn of the century, his body of work was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Book Award committee in 2000, U.S. National Medal of Arts in 2004, and later a Pulitzer Prize citation in 2007.

The author’s grandson Danny Karapetian said, “His legacy lives on in his monumental body of books, film, television and theatre, but more importantly, in the minds and hearts of anyone who read him, because to read him was to know him. He was the biggest kid I know.”

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